Gingival Hyperplasia is a diagnosis based on histopathology (i.e. a pathologist reviews the sample under the microscope to make this diagnosis). Gingival enlargement is the diagnosis based on clinical observation prior to histopathology. This condition can be a result of genetic predisposition, trauma to the gum tissue, or caused as a side effect of certain drugs. Gingival enlargement creates pseudo-pockets (i.e. false pockets) between the gingiva and the teeth allowing plaque, calculus, and debris to accumulate which leads to periodontal disease. Treatment requires cutting the enlarged gum tissue back to near normal, a procedure called gingivectomy/gingivoplasty. This is performed using scalpel blades as well as the use of laser/cautery along with diamond burs. Typically, samples of the removed tissue are sent to the lab for evaluation by a pathologist. This condition can reoccur, however, meticulous home care combined with regular professional cleanings are recommended to control plaque and delay reoccurrence.